Алла Пугачева и Максим Галкин - Будь или не будь, сделай же что-нибудь... - текст песни, слова, перевод, видео

1) Subject, purpose and objectives of the discipline "History"

History is the science of the past and present of human society, of the laws governing the development of social life in specific forms, in spatio-temporal dimensions.

In modern historical science there is no unified understanding of the subject of history. In numerous schools and directions, at different stages of the formation and formation of historical knowledge, different approaches were formed. Thus, one of the schools in Italian humanistic historiography studied the history of the state and its politics. The subject of study by historians of the Enlightenment was the spiritual life. In the middle of the XIX century. European scholars have seriously analyzed economic history. In Russian historiography, since the 18th century, the state has become the main subject of study. There is no contradiction in this: different subjects of the study of history make up parts of a whole (object), which is a reality that has gone into the past or exists in the present. It is important to keep in mind that parts of an object never coincide with the whole, and the study of historical reality takes place through a historical source. According to V.O. Klyuchevsky, the word history is used in a double sense: as movement in time, process, and as cognition of the process. Therefore, everything that takes place in time has its own history.

Modern historical science is a complex structural phenomenon. History is divided: By chronological basis (history of primitiveness, history of the Ancient World, history of the Middle Ages, etc.). On a natural and geographical basis (history of individual countries and peoples). By research objectives (for example, the history of a particular industry). Special emphasis is placed on special and auxiliary historical disciplines (for example, paleography, heraldry, diplomacy, etc.) Historians create a picture of the past and offer it to society as a meaningful experience. Knowledge of history is essential for making adequate political decisions. History is a powerful tool for influencing public consciousness. The real meaning of history is determined by its functions. The cognitive function is to understand the past of one's people and humanity as a whole. The practical function is to learn and learn the lessons of history. The worldview function is the result of the cognitive and practical activities of a person and society. Educational function: history fosters patriotism and respect for common human values.