Лекции - 29 - Миграция рабочей силы в современном мире. - текст песни, слова, перевод, видео

29. Migration of labor in the modern world.

The mass migration of the population has become one of the characteristic phenomena of the life of the world community of the second half of the XX in ..

The problem of migration is very relevant now, because many have the possibility of unhindered entry into the territory of foreign states. For the most part, people travel to the territory of another country (or city) in an attempt to find at least temporary or more highly paid work. The process of internationalization of production that is actively taking place around the world is accompanied by the internationalization of the labor force. Labor migration has become part of international economic relations. Migration flows rush from some regions of the country to others. Growing certain problems, labor migration provides undoubted advantages to countries accepting labor and supplies it.

The world labor market is formed by the export and import of labor. At the same time, an increasing number of states attracts foreign labor or sends labor migrants abroad. If in 1970 64 countries were involved in the processes of international labor exchange, then in 1997 - 105 countries.

Under international (external) labor migration (labor migration) is understood as the movement of the population across state borders in order to enter into labor relations with employers in another country. Labor migrants do not include “shuttle” businessmen, as well as persons traveling abroad on business trips (in the absence of a contract with foreign employers).

External labor migration is divided into:

* labor emigration, that is, departure of the able -bodied population from the country of stay for long -term or permanent residence in another country;

* labor migration, that is, the arrival of labor in this country from abroad.

The following types of labor migration are distinguished:

* irrevocable, in which migrants go to a permanent place of residence in the host country;

* temporarily constant, when migration is limited by the period of stay in the country of departure from one year to six years;

* seasonal migration, which is associated with short -term (within one year) entrance to work in those sectors of the economy that are seasonal (agriculture, fishing, services);

* pendulum (shuttle, border)

- daily move from one country to another and vice versa;

* illegal

- illegal entry into another country in search of work or arrival in it legally (according to private invitations, as tourists, etc.) followed by illegal employment;

* "Drenches of mind"

- International migration of highly qualified personnel (scientists, rare specialists, sometimes “stars” of art, sports).

The main centers of attracting migration flows are developed countries, especially the United States and Western Europe. The main donors in the field of international migration are the developing countries of Asia, Latin America and Africa, as well as former socialist countries.

Without going into the socio-ethical area of the migration of the population, we will dwell mainly on the modern socio-economic causes that cause the international movement of labor resources.

First of all, it is necessary to indicate the cause of the demographic nature, with which the excess population and labor are associated. It arises when the scale and structure of social production do not correspond to the proposal of labor. As a result, part of the population emigrates in search of jobs and improving their social status to other countries.
Another reason for the international migration of labor resources is the difference in wages, which also causes workforce from some countries to others. This is primarily about highly qualified workers, specialists, scientific and technical personnel, scientific and pedagogical personnel. The countries from which such resources emigrate, play the role of the donor, while the countries taking these immigrants “pump it out”