FAQHistory - Билеты по истории Беларуси - 2.2 - текст песни, слова, перевод, видео

2. Proclamation and formation of Belarusian statehood in December 1917 - July 1920

Attempts to proclaim statehood on the basis of the Belarusian national movement were made after the October events of 1917. The Great Belarusian Rada (GBR) provided for the achievement of autonomy - the independent exercise of state power in Belarus within the framework of the Russian Federative Republic. The work of the VBR was led by the Belarusian Socialist Community (BSG). Figures of the VBR, having recognized the Soviet government in Petrograd headed by V.I. Lenin, refused to recognize the power of the Regional Executive Committee of the Councils of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies of the Western Region and Front (Obliskomzapa) in Belarus, since they believed that it did not represent the Belarusian people , and a soldier of the Western Front. Guided by the ideas of establishing power on a Soviet basis and implementing a world proletarian revolution, the leadership of the Regional Committee did not accept the demand for self-determination of Belarusians.

The Belarusian national movement was also represented by the Belarusian Regional Committee (BOK), which was formed from delegates from Belarusian provinces to the All-Russian Congress of Peasant Deputies. Representatives of the BOK viewed Obliskomzap as a temporary civil and military authority in Belarus.

BOK and VBR took the initiative to convene an All-Belarusian Congress in Minsk, which was supposed to resolve the issue of Belarusian statehood. People's Commissar for Nationalities I.V. Stalin supported the idea of ​​holding a congress based on a compromise between Obliskomzap and BOK.

The All-Belarusian Congress took place on December 5-18, 1917. In Minsk. The congress delegates represented both all segments of the Belarusian population and various political organizations operating in Belarus. At the congress, a heated debate unfolded over the definition of the form of Belarusian statehood. Supporters of the WBR sought to declare Belarus an equal republic in the all-Russian federation of peoples and territories. Delegates from the BOK proposed regional autonomy for Belarus within Soviet Russia. After discussions, the congress adopted a resolution according to which a republican system was proclaimed in the Belarusian lands, and the participants of the congress recognized the all-Russian Soviet power. However, the congress ignored the existence of the ObliskomZap. After the delegates began to consider the issue of creating a temporary body of regional power from among the delegates - the All-Belarusian Council of Peasants, Soldiers and Workers' Deputies - the Council of People's Commissars of the Western Region and the Front dispersed the congress with the help of military force.

Some of the deputies of the dissolved All-Belarusian Congress, in the conditions of the advance of German troops, when the leaders of the Obliskomzap left Minsk, on February 21, 1918, the day when German troops entered Minsk, adopted the First Charter, in which they declared themselves to be the temporary authority on the territory of Belarus.

On March 9, 1918, the Second Charter was adopted, in which the Belarusian People's Republic (BPR) was proclaimed on the ethnic territory of Belarus. The charter also proclaimed democratic freedoms, equality of languages ​​of the peoples of Belarus, the abolition of private ownership of land and its transfer without ransom to peasants, and an 8-hour working day.

The Third Charter of March 25, 1918 proclaimed the independence of the BPR. Its symbols were: the coat of arms “Pahonia” and the white-red-white flag.

Among the initiators of the proclamation of the BPR were A. I. Lutskevich and A. A. Smolich. The proclaimed BPR was only the embryo of state formation, since the idea of ​​​​creating Belarusian statehood under the conditions of German occupation could not be realized.
Creation of the Belarusian Soviet statehood. The leaders of the Opestan Zazap and the North-Western Regional Organization of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (RCP (B)) opposed the proclamation of Belarus by an independent Soviet Republic, proposing to solve the national issue in Belarus with a center in Smolensk, which would be part of the RSFSR.

The leadership of the Belarusian National Commissariat (Belnatskom), created at the beginning of 1918 in Petrograd (at the head of it until May 1918 was A. G. Chervyakov), was proposed as the initial form of Soviet statehood of Belarus of the RSFSR. Belarusians-communists, who in 1918-1919. They were united into the Belarusian sections of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), organized from refugee weborus in various cities of Russia (their leadership included D.F. Zhilunovich (the literary pseudonym Tishka Gartnu), supported the position of Belnatskom.

On December 30, 1918, the VI North-Western Regional Conference of the RCP (b) was convened in Smolensk. The conference decided to rename it at the first congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Belarus (KP (b) b). Was a temporary worker and peasant Soviet rule?