FAQHistory - Билеты по истории Беларуси - 5.2 - текст песни, слова, перевод, видео

2. The policy of industrialization and collectivization of agriculture in the BSSR in the second half of the 1920s-1930s.

Causes and features of industrialization in the BSSR. In 1925, at the XIV Congress of the All -Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), a decision was made to pursue a policy of socialist industrialization. Industrialization in the BSSR was an integral part of the process of creating large machine production in all sectors of the national economy of the USSR, designed to ensure the safety of the Soviet Union surrounded by capitalist countries.

In 1928-1929 The first five -year plan for the development of the national economy was developed - a five -year plan. It provided for the creation of agricultural engineering, the construction of new ones and the re -equipment of old enterprises. The border position of Belarus made it inappropriate to place heavy industry enterprises on its territory. In the early years of industrialization in the republic, the bulk of the cash was invested in the development of food, leather, textile and sewing industry. Industry industries for the processing of wood (forest, woodworking, paper) and mineral raw materials (fuel, chemical) were also developed.

Industrialization in the BSSR, as in the USSR, took place forced (accelerated) pace under the slogan "Five -year -old - in four years." During the first five -year plan in 1928-1932. The sewing factory “Banner of Industrialization” and the Chuel-Thrite Factory named after Kim (Communist Youth Poster) in Vitebsk, the Mogilev artificial fiber, Bobruisk and Gomel woodworking plants, agricultural machines in Gomel, and others began to operate and began to operate.

As a result of the second and third five -year plans (1933–1937; 1938-141, the industry of the republic was not completed in connection with the outbreak of World War II) was replenished with Krichevsky cement plants, the Minsk Radio Protection, the Rogachevsky Tales Plant, Kommunarka confectionery factories in Minsk and Spartak in Gomel, Borisov Macaron and Minsk Sausage Factories.

Industrialization took place in the conditions of the administrative and command leadership of the state economy when paying five years. As a result of forced industrialization by the end of the 1930s. The BSSR has turned into an industrial-agrarian country.

The reasons and features of collectivization in the BSSR. In December 1927, at the XV Congress of the All -Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), a decision was made to pursue a policy of collectivization of agriculture. The reasons for its conduct were determined by the need to transfer the village to rails of large machine production and providing the city with agricultural raw materials and food.

Collectivization was carried out by combining individual farms of peasants into collective farms (collective farms). There was a forced and accelerated creation of collective farms, which meant ignoring the principles of voluntariness during their creation. The conduct of collectivization in the BSSR had its own characteristics, which were associated with the mass and accelerated association of farms into collective farm centers. He entered the Soviet history of 1929 under the name "The Year of the Great Breaking." By the beginning of 1930, it was decided to collect 75-80 % of peasant farms and declare Belarus the first republic of continuous collectivization in the USSR. The recording of the peasantry to collective farms took place with the widespread use of administrative-power methods. Those who did not want to sign up for collective farms were ranked for fists. They were evicted outside Belarus to Siberia and to the northern regions of the USSR. A policy of eliminating the kulaks as a class was pursued. In society, the image of a fist was created as an enemy of the people.

When creating collective farms, both the main means of production belonging to the peasants themselves and their own pets (cows, horses, pigs, chickens) and even household items were socialized, which caused the discontent of the peasants.
In collective farms, labor was paid not by money, but by products at the end of the year, by the number of days worked - the so -called workdays, the minimum of which was 80. collective farmers who did not develop this minimum, brought to administrative responsibility.

In 1932-1933 A passport regime was introduced in the USSR and the BSSR. However, collective farmers did not receive passports. They could be hired in cities only if there was a certificate in which the board agreed to withdraw them from the collective farm.

To ensure collective farms, machine-tractor stations (MTS) were created by equipment, and with them the political departments that strictly observed the party line during collectivization. The first MTS in the BSSR was created in 1930 in the town of Koydanovo (now Dzerzhinsk).

As a result of continuous collectivization in the BSSR, a material and technical base was created, necessary for the further industrial development of the republic. ABOUT